- Warning: Undefined variable $index in Drupal\responsive_bg_image_formatter\Plugin\Field\FieldFormatter\ResponsiveBgImageFormatter->viewElements() (line 95 of modules/custom/responsive_bg_image_formatter/src/Plugin/Field/FieldFormatter/ResponsiveBgImageFormatter.php).
Drupal\responsive_bg_image_formatter\Plugin\Field\FieldFormatter\ResponsiveBgImageFormatter->viewElements(Object, 'en') (Line: 89) Drupal\Core\Field\FormatterBase->view(Object, 'en') (Line: 76) Drupal\Core\Field\Plugin\Field\FieldFormatter\EntityReferenceFormatterBase->view(Object, NULL) (Line: 265) Drupal\Core\Entity\Entity\EntityViewDisplay->buildMultiple(Array) (Line: 340) Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityViewBuilder->buildComponents(Array, Array, Array, 'full') (Line: 24) Drupal\node\NodeViewBuilder->buildComponents(Array, Array, Array, 'full') (Line: 282) Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityViewBuilder->buildMultiple(Array) (Line: 239) Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityViewBuilder->build(Array) call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 243) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90) Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object) call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142) Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23) Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 718) Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)
- Warning: Undefined array key "media" in Drupal\responsive_bg_image_formatter\Plugin\Field\FieldFormatter\ResponsiveBgImageFormatter->viewElements() (line 112 of modules/custom/responsive_bg_image_formatter/src/Plugin/Field/FieldFormatter/ResponsiveBgImageFormatter.php).
Drupal\responsive_bg_image_formatter\Plugin\Field\FieldFormatter\ResponsiveBgImageFormatter->viewElements(Object, 'en') (Line: 89) Drupal\Core\Field\FormatterBase->view(Object, 'en') (Line: 76) Drupal\Core\Field\Plugin\Field\FieldFormatter\EntityReferenceFormatterBase->view(Object, NULL) (Line: 265) Drupal\Core\Entity\Entity\EntityViewDisplay->buildMultiple(Array) (Line: 340) Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityViewBuilder->buildComponents(Array, Array, Array, 'full') (Line: 24) Drupal\node\NodeViewBuilder->buildComponents(Array, Array, Array, 'full') (Line: 282) Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityViewBuilder->buildMultiple(Array) (Line: 239) Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityViewBuilder->build(Array) call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 243) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90) Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object) call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142) Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23) Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 718) Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)
- Deprecated function: str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($subject) of type array|string is deprecated in Drupal\responsive_bg_image_formatter\Plugin\Field\FieldFormatter\ResponsiveBgImageFormatter->viewElements() (line 126 of modules/custom/responsive_bg_image_formatter/src/Plugin/Field/FieldFormatter/ResponsiveBgImageFormatter.php).
Drupal\responsive_bg_image_formatter\Plugin\Field\FieldFormatter\ResponsiveBgImageFormatter->viewElements(Object, 'en') (Line: 89) Drupal\Core\Field\FormatterBase->view(Object, 'en') (Line: 76) Drupal\Core\Field\Plugin\Field\FieldFormatter\EntityReferenceFormatterBase->view(Object, NULL) (Line: 265) Drupal\Core\Entity\Entity\EntityViewDisplay->buildMultiple(Array) (Line: 340) Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityViewBuilder->buildComponents(Array, Array, Array, 'full') (Line: 24) Drupal\node\NodeViewBuilder->buildComponents(Array, Array, Array, 'full') (Line: 282) Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityViewBuilder->buildMultiple(Array) (Line: 239) Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityViewBuilder->build(Array) call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 243) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90) Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object) call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142) Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23) Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 718) Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)
- Warning: Undefined variable $index in Drupal\responsive_bg_image_formatter\Plugin\Field\FieldFormatter\ResponsiveBgImageFormatter->viewElements() (line 153 of modules/custom/responsive_bg_image_formatter/src/Plugin/Field/FieldFormatter/ResponsiveBgImageFormatter.php).
Drupal\responsive_bg_image_formatter\Plugin\Field\FieldFormatter\ResponsiveBgImageFormatter->viewElements(Object, 'en') (Line: 89) Drupal\Core\Field\FormatterBase->view(Object, 'en') (Line: 76) Drupal\Core\Field\Plugin\Field\FieldFormatter\EntityReferenceFormatterBase->view(Object, NULL) (Line: 265) Drupal\Core\Entity\Entity\EntityViewDisplay->buildMultiple(Array) (Line: 340) Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityViewBuilder->buildComponents(Array, Array, Array, 'full') (Line: 24) Drupal\node\NodeViewBuilder->buildComponents(Array, Array, Array, 'full') (Line: 282) Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityViewBuilder->buildMultiple(Array) (Line: 239) Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityViewBuilder->build(Array) call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 243) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90) Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object) call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142) Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23) Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 718) Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)
Temperature & Precipitation
Air temperature and precipitation can have wide-ranging effects on natural processes, and their datasets are foundational for drought and climate analysis. Changes in temperature and precipitation can substantially disrupt crops and livestock, influence the frequency and intensity of severe weather events, and affect the quality and quantity of water available for municipal and industrial use.
Temperature and Precipitation Measurements
Temperature and precipitation data are collected from weather stations, weather radar, satellites, and computer models.

Warmer air temperatures increase evapotranspiration—which is the combination of evaporation from the soil and bodies of water and transpiration from plants—and lower soil moisture.

Drought is defined as the lack of precipitation over an extended period of time, usually for a season or more, that results in a water shortage.
Data, Maps, and Tools
To make data easier to use, many organizations derive products from raw data. These derived products may start with station data, which estimate (or interpolate) the information between stations using different methodologies. Radar- and satellite-based products may include station data as “ground truth” to remove bias and create more accurate products.
CPC Temperature Outlooks
Range | Map Hex Color |
---|---|
100% - 90% | #1c1342 |
90% - 80% | #221852 |
80% - 70% | #2f406f |
70% - 60% | #005ca1 |
60% - 50% | #389fdb |
50% - 40% | #77b5e2 |
40% - 33% | #a0c0df |
Range | Map Hex Color |
---|---|
33% - 40% | #e7b168 |
40% - 50% | #e38b4a |
50% - 60% | #dc562f |
60% - 70% | #c72e28 |
70% - 80% | #cc3047 |
80% - 90% | #8a2f38 |
90% - 100% | #622228 |
Value | Map Hex Color |
---|---|
Near-Normal Conditions | #a2a2a2 |
Range | Map Hex Color |
---|---|
33% - 40% | #a0c0df |
40% - 50% | #77b5e2 |
50% - 60% | #389fdb |
60% - 70% | #005ca1 |
70% - 80% | #2f406f |
80% - 90% | #221852 |
90% - 100% | #1c1342 |
Range | Map Hex Color |
---|---|
33% - 40% | #e7b168 |
40% - 50% | #e38b4a |
50% - 60% | #dc562f |
60% - 70% | #c72e28 |
70% - 80% | #cc3047 |
80% - 90% | #8a2f38 |
90% - 100% | #622228 |
Range | Map Hex Color |
---|---|
33% - 40% | #a0c0df |
40% - 50% | #77b5e2 |
50% - 60% | #389fdb |
60% - 70% | #005ca1 |
70% - 80% | #2f406f |
80% - 90% | #221852 |
90% - 100% | #1c1342 |
Range | Map Hex Color |
---|---|
33% - 40% | #e7b168 |
40% - 50% | #e38b4a |
50% - 60% | #dc562f |
60% - 70% | #c72e28 |
70% - 80% | #cc3047 |
80% - 90% | #8a2f38 |
90% - 100% | #622228 |
The National Weather Service's Climate Prediction Center (CPC) produces temperature outlooks for the U.S., including 6–10 day, 8–14 day, monthly, and seasonal outlooks. The outlooks depict whether there is a greater chance for above-normal, below-normal, or near-normal conditions during the noted time frame. Learn more.
CPC Precipitation Outlooks
Range | Map Hex Color |
---|---|
100% - 90% | #4f2f2f |
90% - 80% | #804000 |
80% - 70% | #934639 |
70% - 60% | #9b5031 |
60% - 50% | #bb6d33 |
50% - 40% | #d8a750 |
40% - 33% | #f0d493 |
Range | Map Hex Color |
---|---|
33% - 40% | #b3d9ab |
40% - 50% | #94cd7e |
50% - 60% | #48ae38 |
60% - 70% | #3a7b5f |
70% - 80% | #008e40 |
80% - 90% | #28553d |
90% - 100% | #285517 |
Value | Map Hex Color |
---|---|
Near-Normal Conditions | #a2a2a2 |
Range | Map Hex Color |
---|---|
33% - 40% | #f0d493 |
40% - 50% | #d8a750 |
50% - 60% | #bb6d33 |
60% - 70% | #9b5031 |
70% - 80% | #934639 |
80% - 90% | #804000 |
90% - 100% | #4f2f2f |
Range | Map Hex Color |
---|---|
33% - 40% | #b3d9ab |
40% - 50% | #94cd7e |
50% - 60% | #48ae38 |
60% - 70% | #3a7b5f |
70% - 80% | #008e40 |
80% - 90% | #28553d |
90% - 100% | #285517 |
Range | Map Hex Color |
---|---|
33% - 40% | #f0d493 |
40% - 50% | #d8a750 |
50% - 60% | #bb6d33 |
60% - 70% | #9b5031 |
70% - 80% | #934639 |
80% - 90% | #804000 |
90% - 100% | #4f2f2f |
Range | Map Hex Color |
---|---|
33% - 40% | #b3d9ab |
40% - 50% | #94cd7e |
50% - 60% | #48ae38 |
60% - 70% | #3a7b5f |
70% - 80% | #008e40 |
80% - 90% | #28553d |
90% - 100% | #285517 |
The National Weather Service's Climate Prediction Center (CPC) produces precipitation outlooks for the U.S., including 6–10 day, 8–14 day, monthly, and seasonal outlooks. The outlooks depict whether there is a greater chance for above-normal, below-normal, or near-normal conditions during the noted time frame. Learn more.
National Weather Service (NWS) Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) provides current and archived precipitation analysis at different timescales.
Climate Engine allows users to analyze and interact with climate and earth observations for decision support related to drought, water use, agricultural, wildfire, and ecology.
NCEI provides a variety of temperature and precipitation products available at the National and Global scale.
HPRCC produces daily climate maps using data from the Applied Climate Information System (ACIS). The maps and data can be accessed and downloaded from the HPRCC website.
National Weather Service (NWS) Climate Prediction Center (CPC) generates outlooks that view probabilities of above- or below-normal temperature and precipitation maps at the 6-10 Day, 8-14 Day, Wee
The Regional Climate Centers (RCC) Applied Climate Information System (ACIS) offers interactive temperature and precipitation charts with single- or multi-station capabilities.

Related Content
Research & Learn | Flash Drought
Flash drought intensifies rapidly due to changes in precipitation, temperature, wind, and radiation. Find more information about flash drought on this Research & Learn page.
Research & Learn | Monitoring Drought
Drought monitoring at the national, regional, and local levels is an integral part of drought early warning, planning, and mitigation. Learn more about drought monitoring here.