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Regional Drought Update Date
January 13, 2022
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Drought Status Update

Snow Drought Current Conditions and Impacts in the West


Update Status:

NIDIS and its partners release these updates every 4 weeks, December through June. 

A series of cold winter storms in the western United States led to a substantial reduction in the severity of snow drought.

Key Points

  • Extreme, and in some cases record breaking, snowfall across much of the West led to recent, rapid recovery from snow drought.
  • As of January 10, 21% of SNOTEL stations are reporting below-normal snow water equivalent (SWE), compared to 74% on December 14. 
  • Small areas of snow drought remain in the eastern Rocky Mountains.
  • Below-normal precipitation and snowfall are forecast across much of the western coastal states over the next 1–2 weeks, but the December and early January snowfall should mitigate a return to snow drought during this time period. However, continued dry conditions into February could lead to a recurrence of snow drought. 

What Is Snow Drought? Learn More

Current Conditions
Current Conditions: Snow Water Equivalent (SWE)

SWE Percent of NRCS 1991-2020 Median
Value Map Hex Color
> 150% #0100fe
130% - 149% #00a9e4
110% - 129% #70ffdd
90% - 109% #4ee504
70% - 89% #e6e500
50% - 69% #e39a00
< 50% #e80000
No basin value #787878

Main Stats
21%
of western CONUS station SWE is below median
9%
of western CONUS station SWE is below 30th percentile*

Snow Drought Update for January 13, 2022

This update is based on data available up to Tuesday, January 11, 2022 at 12:00 a.m. We acknowledge that additional snow is currently falling, and conditions are changing.

After a slow start to the snow season, a series of cold winter storms impacted the western U.S. from mid-December through early January. These storms led to a substantial reduction in the spatial extent of snow drought compared to a month ago. As of January 10, 21% of SNOTEL stations are reporting below-normal snow water equivalent (SWE), compared to 74% below normal that was reported in the last update on December 14

The small areas that remain in snow drought are primarily in the eastern Rocky Mountains, including the Sangre de Cristo Mountains straddling the border of New Mexico and Colorado, portions of the Bighorn Mountains in north central Wyoming, and scattered stations throughout northwest Wyoming and the eastern extent of the Rocky Mountains in Montana. Two SNOTEL stations, both near Bozeman, Montana, reported record low SWE for January 10. SWE at Pickfoot Creek in the Bigbelt Mountains is the lowest on record since 1979, and SWE at South Fork Shields in the Crazy Mountains is the lowest on record since 1981.

Extreme, and in some cases record breaking, snowfall across much of the West led to rapid snow drought recovery during the past few weeks. In the northern Sierra Nevada Mountains in California, Donner Pass received 214 inches (544 cm) of snowfall in December. December 2021 was the snowiest December at that location since the Central Sierra Snow Lab began keeping records in 1970. The Sierra Nevada currently has about 140%–180% of normal SWE. The Upper Colorado River Basin greatly benefited from these storms as well, and now has 130% of normal SWE compared to 75% of normal SWE just a month ago. The Pacific Northwest also has well above normal SWE. Recent cold storms and heavy snowfall led to the highest or second-highest SWE on record at a cluster of SNOTEL stations, mostly at lower elevations, in the northern Oregon and southern Washington Cascade Mountains. 

Below-normal precipitation and snowfall are forecast across much of the western coastal states over the next 1–2 weeks, but the December and early January snowfall should mitigate a return to snow drought during this time period. However, continued dry conditions into February could lead to a recurrence of snow drought.

Alaskan monitoring locations show a range of SWE values from slightly below normal to record-setting highs. SNOTEL stations with lower SWE include several in the Kenai Peninsula that are reporting 80%–85% of normal SWE and the Susitna Valley, north of Anchorage, which currently has 64% of normal SWE. A small area near Valdez also has well below normal snowpack. Further inland, a series of potent storms during the second half of December led to record high SWE at three of six SNOTEL sites in the mountains northeast of Fairbanks; all six stations in the area are above 200% of normal SWE. A storm system brought heavy snowfall to southeast Alaska during January 8–11 with major impacts to local communities. A local disaster emergency was declared in Yakutat due to structure damages, including roof collapses from heavy snow and ice loads after up to six feet of new snowfall. Further south in Juneau, schools were closed for three days in a row due to ice- and snow-related hazards.

Stations with SWE Below the 30th Percentile

A map showing snow water equivalent percentiles for SNOTEL and other Cooperative Snow Sensor stations in the Western U.S. The scale ranges from 0 (dark red) to 30 (yellow). Locations with low SWE values are located in all western states.
Snow water equivalent (SWE) percentiles for locations in the western U.S. at or below the 30th percentile as of January 10, 2022. Stations above the 30th percentile* are shown with a black “x”. Only SNOTEL and other Cooperative Snow Sensor stations with at least 20 years of data were used. Data Source: USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service.

Upper Colorado Region: Snow Water Equivalent

 Time series graphs showing the water year from October 1 through Sept 30 for the Upper Colorado Region with water year accumulated snow water equivalent. Current SWE values are above median.
USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) water year accumulated snow water equivalent (in.) (black) in the Upper Colorado Region compared to the 1991–2020 maximum (blue), median (green), and minimum (red). Graphics can be found at NRCS

* Quantifying snow drought values is an ongoing research effort. Here we have used the 30th percentile as a starting point based on partner expertise. Get more information on the current definition of snow drought here

For More Information, Please Contact:

Daniel McEvoy
Western Regional Climate Center
Daniel.McEvoy@dri.edu

Amanda Sheffield
NOAA/NIDIS California-Nevada Regional Drought Information Coordinator
Amanda.Sheffield@noaa.gov

Britt Parker
NOAA/NIDIS Pacific Northwest and Missouri River Basin Regional Drought Information Coordinator
Britt.Parker@noaa.gov

Special Thanks

NIDIS and its partners launched this snow drought effort in 2018 to provide data, maps, and tools for monitoring snow drought and its impacts as well as communicating the status of snow drought across the United States, including Alaska. Thank you to our partners for your continued support of this effort and review of these updates. If you would like to report snow drought impacts, please use the link below. Information collected will be shared with the states affected to help us better understand the short term, long term, and cumulative impacts of snow drought to the citizens and the economy of the regions reliant on snowpack.

Report Your Snow Drought Impacts     Data and Maps | Snow Drought     Research and Learn | Snow Drought